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Stephanie Schwalm, MD

08/01/2008
Post-traumatic ventricular septal defect (VSD) after penetrating cardiac trauma is infrequent, with an estimated incidence of 1–4.5% of cases.1,3 The decision to close a traumatic VSD is similar to that of a non-traumatic VSD and is based on...
Post-traumatic ventricular septal defect (VSD) after penetrating cardiac trauma is infrequent, with an estimated incidence of 1–4.5% of cases.1,3 The decision to close a traumatic VSD is similar to that of a non-traumatic VSD and is based on...
Post-traumatic ventricular...
08/01/2008
Journal of Invasive Cardiology