1.Which of the following is true regarding this condition?
a) “Dysplastic nevus” and “atypical nevus” are two synonymous terms
b) A dysplastic nevus is considered a premalignant condition
c) A dysplastic nevus often shows a homogeneous pattern centrally under dermatoscopy
d) A dysplastic nevus has completely distinctive histologic features that do not overlap with common nevi
e) The presence of a dysplastic nevus is not a cutaneous marker for increased melanoma risk
2. A cirrhotic patient develops a rapidly progressive, necrotizing version of this condition of the left leg after eating uncooked oysters. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism?
a) Streptococcus
b) Staphylococcus aureus
c) Vibrio vulnificus
d) Aeromonas species
e) Pasteurella
3. Which of the following is true?
a) Venomous caterpillars use their mouthparts to sting
b) Bullet ants have a very deadly sting caused by a neurotoxin
c) Dermatitis caused by beetles results from their toxins injected into the skin through stinging
d) Myiasis results from mosquito larvae feeding on necrotic or living tissue
e) Tungiasis results from a Tunga flea penetrating the host’s skin
Answers:
1. The Dysplastic Nevus
Which of the following is true regarding this condition?
c) A dysplastic nevus often shows a homogeneous pattern centrally under dermatoscopy
A dysplastic nevus is a histologic entity that may or may not be associated with clinical atypia. The term dysplastic nevus and atypical nevus are not synonymous. Although atypical clinical features can correlate with histologic dysplasia, this is not always the case. The presence of a dysplastic nevus is a cutaneous marker for increased melanoma risk in a patient, but is not itself a premalignant condition.
Under dermoscopy, dysplastic nevi often show a homogeneous pattern centrally with a reticulated network or dots peripherally. In addition, there are many overlapping histologic features of common nevi and dysplastic nevi. Overall the literature is controversial regarding dysplastic nevi with studies often demonstrating poor inter-pathologist correlation.
2. Lower Limb Cellulitis and its Mimics
A cirrhotic patient develops a rapidly progressive, necrotizing version of this condition of the left leg after eating uncooked oysters. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism?
c) Vibrio vulnificus
Erysipelas and cellulitis are common infections of the skin. Erysipelas affects the superficial dermis including the superficial lymphatics whereas cellulitis involves the deeper reticular dermis and often the subcutaneous fat. In about 70% of cases of cellulitis, the lower extremities are involved.
Streptococci are the most commonly implicated pathogen in cellulitis (75-90% of cases). Staphylococcus is implicated in about 10% of cases. Uncommon causes of cellulitis include Vibrio vulnificus, Pasteurella, and Aeromonas. Vibrio vulnificus can cause cellulitis after bacteremia that arises after eating inadequately cooked seafood especially raw oysters. Patients with chronic liver disease are at an increased risk to develop this. Cellulitis from animal bites is caused by a variety of bacteria including Pasteurella commonly isolated from dog or cat bites. Cellulitis developing from salt water exposure is commonly caused by Vibrio species. Cellulitis from fresh water immersion or medicinal use of leeches is typically from Aeromonas species.
3. Tropical dermatology: Venomous Arthropods and Human Skin
Which of the following is true?
e) Tungiasis results from a Tunga flea penetrating the host’s skin
Insects can cause a variety of dermatologic conditions often arising from their defense mechanisms or their attempts to invade the human body.
-Venomous caterpillars use their bristles and spicules to sting
-Bullet ants have a very painful sting caused by a neurotoxin
-
Dermatitis caused by beetles results from their toxins absorbed into the skin through direct contact
-
Myiasis results from fly larvae feeding on necrotic or living tissue
-
Tungiasis results from a Tunga flea penetrating the host’s skin
Being able to identify these various insects and the type of reaction they cause are high yield for the boards.
William W. Huang, MD, MPH, FAAD, is assistant professor and associate program director of dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine in Winston-Salem, NC.
1.Which of the following is true regarding this condition?
a) “Dysplastic nevus” and “atypical nevus” are two synonymous terms
b) A dysplastic nevus is considered a premalignant condition
c) A dysplastic nevus often shows a homogeneous pattern centrally under dermatoscopy
d) A dysplastic nevus has completely distinctive histologic features that do not overlap with common nevi
e) The presence of a dysplastic nevus is not a cutaneous marker for increased melanoma risk
2. A cirrhotic patient develops a rapidly progressive, necrotizing version of this condition of the left leg after eating uncooked oysters. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism?
a) Streptococcus
b) Staphylococcus aureus
c) Vibrio vulnificus
d) Aeromonas species
e) Pasteurella
3. Which of the following is true?
a) Venomous caterpillars use their mouthparts to sting
b) Bullet ants have a very deadly sting caused by a neurotoxin
c) Dermatitis caused by beetles results from their toxins injected into the skin through stinging
d) Myiasis results from mosquito larvae feeding on necrotic or living tissue
e) Tungiasis results from a Tunga flea penetrating the host’s skin
1. The Dysplastic Nevus
Which of the following is true regarding this condition?
c) A dysplastic nevus often shows a homogeneous pattern centrally under dermatoscopy
A dysplastic nevus is a histologic entity that may or may not be associated with clinical atypia. The term dysplastic nevus and atypical nevus are not synonymous. Although atypical clinical features can correlate with histologic dysplasia, this is not always the case. The presence of a dysplastic nevus is a cutaneous marker for increased melanoma risk in a patient, but is not itself a premalignant condition.
Under dermoscopy, dysplastic nevi often show a homogeneous pattern centrally with a reticulated network or dots peripherally. In addition, there are many overlapping histologic features of common nevi and dysplastic nevi. Overall the literature is controversial regarding dysplastic nevi with studies often demonstrating poor inter-pathologist correlation.
2. Lower Limb Cellulitis and its Mimics
A cirrhotic patient develops a rapidly progressive, necrotizing version of this condition of the left leg after eating uncooked oysters. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism?
c) Vibrio vulnificus
Erysipelas and cellulitis are common infections of the skin. Erysipelas affects the superficial dermis including the superficial lymphatics whereas cellulitis involves the deeper reticular dermis and often the subcutaneous fat. In about 70% of cases of cellulitis, the lower extremities are involved.
Streptococci are the most commonly implicated pathogen in cellulitis (75-90% of cases). Staphylococcus is implicated in about 10% of cases. Uncommon causes of cellulitis include Vibrio vulnificus, Pasteurella, and Aeromonas. Vibrio vulnificus can cause cellulitis after bacteremia that arises after eating inadequately cooked seafood especially raw oysters. Patients with chronic liver disease are at an increased risk to develop this. Cellulitis from animal bites is caused by a variety of bacteria including Pasteurella commonly isolated from dog or cat bites. Cellulitis developing from salt water exposure is commonly caused by Vibrio species. Cellulitis from fresh water immersion or medicinal use of leeches is typically from Aeromonas species.
3. Tropical dermatology: Venomous Arthropods and Human Skin
Which of the following is true?
e) Tungiasis results from a Tunga flea penetrating the host’s skin
Insects can cause a variety of dermatologic conditions often arising from their defense mechanisms or their attempts to invade the human body.
-Venomous caterpillars use their bristles and spicules to sting
-Bullet ants have a very painful sting caused by a neurotoxin
-
Dermatitis caused by beetles results from their toxins absorbed into the skin through direct contact
-
Myiasis results from fly larvae feeding on necrotic or living tissue
-
Tungiasis results from a Tunga flea penetrating the host’s skin
Being able to identify these various insects and the type of reaction they cause are high yield for the boards.
William W. Huang, MD, MPH, FAAD, is assistant professor and associate program director of dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine in Winston-Salem, NC.
1.Which of the following is true regarding this condition?
a) “Dysplastic nevus” and “atypical nevus” are two synonymous terms
b) A dysplastic nevus is considered a premalignant condition
c) A dysplastic nevus often shows a homogeneous pattern centrally under dermatoscopy
d) A dysplastic nevus has completely distinctive histologic features that do not overlap with common nevi
e) The presence of a dysplastic nevus is not a cutaneous marker for increased melanoma risk
2. A cirrhotic patient develops a rapidly progressive, necrotizing version of this condition of the left leg after eating uncooked oysters. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism?
a) Streptococcus
b) Staphylococcus aureus
c) Vibrio vulnificus
d) Aeromonas species
e) Pasteurella
3. Which of the following is true?
a) Venomous caterpillars use their mouthparts to sting
b) Bullet ants have a very deadly sting caused by a neurotoxin
c) Dermatitis caused by beetles results from their toxins injected into the skin through stinging
d) Myiasis results from mosquito larvae feeding on necrotic or living tissue
e) Tungiasis results from a Tunga flea penetrating the host’s skin
,
1.Which of the following is true regarding this condition?
a) “Dysplastic nevus” and “atypical nevus” are two synonymous terms
b) A dysplastic nevus is considered a premalignant condition
c) A dysplastic nevus often shows a homogeneous pattern centrally under dermatoscopy
d) A dysplastic nevus has completely distinctive histologic features that do not overlap with common nevi
e) The presence of a dysplastic nevus is not a cutaneous marker for increased melanoma risk
2. A cirrhotic patient develops a rapidly progressive, necrotizing version of this condition of the left leg after eating uncooked oysters. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism?
a) Streptococcus
b) Staphylococcus aureus
c) Vibrio vulnificus
d) Aeromonas species
e) Pasteurella
3. Which of the following is true?
a) Venomous caterpillars use their mouthparts to sting
b) Bullet ants have a very deadly sting caused by a neurotoxin
c) Dermatitis caused by beetles results from their toxins injected into the skin through stinging
d) Myiasis results from mosquito larvae feeding on necrotic or living tissue
e) Tungiasis results from a Tunga flea penetrating the host’s skin
Answers:
1. The Dysplastic Nevus
Which of the following is true regarding this condition?
c) A dysplastic nevus often shows a homogeneous pattern centrally under dermatoscopy
A dysplastic nevus is a histologic entity that may or may not be associated with clinical atypia. The term dysplastic nevus and atypical nevus are not synonymous. Although atypical clinical features can correlate with histologic dysplasia, this is not always the case. The presence of a dysplastic nevus is a cutaneous marker for increased melanoma risk in a patient, but is not itself a premalignant condition.
Under dermoscopy, dysplastic nevi often show a homogeneous pattern centrally with a reticulated network or dots peripherally. In addition, there are many overlapping histologic features of common nevi and dysplastic nevi. Overall the literature is controversial regarding dysplastic nevi with studies often demonstrating poor inter-pathologist correlation.
2. Lower Limb Cellulitis and its Mimics
A cirrhotic patient develops a rapidly progressive, necrotizing version of this condition of the left leg after eating uncooked oysters. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism?
c) Vibrio vulnificus
Erysipelas and cellulitis are common infections of the skin. Erysipelas affects the superficial dermis including the superficial lymphatics whereas cellulitis involves the deeper reticular dermis and often the subcutaneous fat. In about 70% of cases of cellulitis, the lower extremities are involved.
Streptococci are the most commonly implicated pathogen in cellulitis (75-90% of cases). Staphylococcus is implicated in about 10% of cases. Uncommon causes of cellulitis include Vibrio vulnificus, Pasteurella, and Aeromonas. Vibrio vulnificus can cause cellulitis after bacteremia that arises after eating inadequately cooked seafood especially raw oysters. Patients with chronic liver disease are at an increased risk to develop this. Cellulitis from animal bites is caused by a variety of bacteria including Pasteurella commonly isolated from dog or cat bites. Cellulitis developing from salt water exposure is commonly caused by Vibrio species. Cellulitis from fresh water immersion or medicinal use of leeches is typically from Aeromonas species.
3. Tropical dermatology: Venomous Arthropods and Human Skin
Which of the following is true?
e) Tungiasis results from a Tunga flea penetrating the host’s skin
Insects can cause a variety of dermatologic conditions often arising from their defense mechanisms or their attempts to invade the human body.
-Venomous caterpillars use their bristles and spicules to sting
-Bullet ants have a very painful sting caused by a neurotoxin
-
Dermatitis caused by beetles results from their toxins absorbed into the skin through direct contact
-
Myiasis results from fly larvae feeding on necrotic or living tissue
-
Tungiasis results from a Tunga flea penetrating the host’s skin
Being able to identify these various insects and the type of reaction they cause are high yield for the boards.
William W. Huang, MD, MPH, FAAD, is assistant professor and associate program director of dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine in Winston-Salem, NC.
1.Which of the following is true regarding this condition?
a) “Dysplastic nevus” and “atypical nevus” are two synonymous terms
b) A dysplastic nevus is considered a premalignant condition
c) A dysplastic nevus often shows a homogeneous pattern centrally under dermatoscopy
d) A dysplastic nevus has completely distinctive histologic features that do not overlap with common nevi
e) The presence of a dysplastic nevus is not a cutaneous marker for increased melanoma risk
2. A cirrhotic patient develops a rapidly progressive, necrotizing version of this condition of the left leg after eating uncooked oysters. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism?
a) Streptococcus
b) Staphylococcus aureus
c) Vibrio vulnificus
d) Aeromonas species
e) Pasteurella
3. Which of the following is true?
a) Venomous caterpillars use their mouthparts to sting
b) Bullet ants have a very deadly sting caused by a neurotoxin
c) Dermatitis caused by beetles results from their toxins injected into the skin through stinging
d) Myiasis results from mosquito larvae feeding on necrotic or living tissue
e) Tungiasis results from a Tunga flea penetrating the host’s skin
1. The Dysplastic Nevus
Which of the following is true regarding this condition?
c) A dysplastic nevus often shows a homogeneous pattern centrally under dermatoscopy
A dysplastic nevus is a histologic entity that may or may not be associated with clinical atypia. The term dysplastic nevus and atypical nevus are not synonymous. Although atypical clinical features can correlate with histologic dysplasia, this is not always the case. The presence of a dysplastic nevus is a cutaneous marker for increased melanoma risk in a patient, but is not itself a premalignant condition.
Under dermoscopy, dysplastic nevi often show a homogeneous pattern centrally with a reticulated network or dots peripherally. In addition, there are many overlapping histologic features of common nevi and dysplastic nevi. Overall the literature is controversial regarding dysplastic nevi with studies often demonstrating poor inter-pathologist correlation.
2. Lower Limb Cellulitis and its Mimics
A cirrhotic patient develops a rapidly progressive, necrotizing version of this condition of the left leg after eating uncooked oysters. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism?
c) Vibrio vulnificus
Erysipelas and cellulitis are common infections of the skin. Erysipelas affects the superficial dermis including the superficial lymphatics whereas cellulitis involves the deeper reticular dermis and often the subcutaneous fat. In about 70% of cases of cellulitis, the lower extremities are involved.
Streptococci are the most commonly implicated pathogen in cellulitis (75-90% of cases). Staphylococcus is implicated in about 10% of cases. Uncommon causes of cellulitis include Vibrio vulnificus, Pasteurella, and Aeromonas. Vibrio vulnificus can cause cellulitis after bacteremia that arises after eating inadequately cooked seafood especially raw oysters. Patients with chronic liver disease are at an increased risk to develop this. Cellulitis from animal bites is caused by a variety of bacteria including Pasteurella commonly isolated from dog or cat bites. Cellulitis developing from salt water exposure is commonly caused by Vibrio species. Cellulitis from fresh water immersion or medicinal use of leeches is typically from Aeromonas species.
3. Tropical dermatology: Venomous Arthropods and Human Skin
Which of the following is true?
e) Tungiasis results from a Tunga flea penetrating the host’s skin
Insects can cause a variety of dermatologic conditions often arising from their defense mechanisms or their attempts to invade the human body.
-Venomous caterpillars use their bristles and spicules to sting
-Bullet ants have a very painful sting caused by a neurotoxin
-
Dermatitis caused by beetles results from their toxins absorbed into the skin through direct contact
-
Myiasis results from fly larvae feeding on necrotic or living tissue
-
Tungiasis results from a Tunga flea penetrating the host’s skin
Being able to identify these various insects and the type of reaction they cause are high yield for the boards.
William W. Huang, MD, MPH, FAAD, is assistant professor and associate program director of dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine in Winston-Salem, NC.
1. The Dysplastic Nevus
Which of the following is true regarding this condition?
c) A dysplastic nevus often shows a homogeneous pattern centrally under dermatoscopy
A dysplastic nevus is a histologic entity that may or may not be associated with clinical atypia. The term dysplastic nevus and atypical nevus are not synonymous. Although atypical clinical features can correlate with histologic dysplasia, this is not always the case. The presence of a dysplastic nevus is a cutaneous marker for increased melanoma risk in a patient, but is not itself a premalignant condition.
Under dermoscopy, dysplastic nevi often show a homogeneous pattern centrally with a reticulated network or dots peripherally. In addition, there are many overlapping histologic features of common nevi and dysplastic nevi. Overall the literature is controversial regarding dysplastic nevi with studies often demonstrating poor inter-pathologist correlation.
2. Lower Limb Cellulitis and its Mimics
A cirrhotic patient develops a rapidly progressive, necrotizing version of this condition of the left leg after eating uncooked oysters. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism?
c) Vibrio vulnificus
Erysipelas and cellulitis are common infections of the skin. Erysipelas affects the superficial dermis including the superficial lymphatics whereas cellulitis involves the deeper reticular dermis and often the subcutaneous fat. In about 70% of cases of cellulitis, the lower extremities are involved.
Streptococci are the most commonly implicated pathogen in cellulitis (75-90% of cases). Staphylococcus is implicated in about 10% of cases. Uncommon causes of cellulitis include Vibrio vulnificus, Pasteurella, and Aeromonas. Vibrio vulnificus can cause cellulitis after bacteremia that arises after eating inadequately cooked seafood especially raw oysters. Patients with chronic liver disease are at an increased risk to develop this. Cellulitis from animal bites is caused by a variety of bacteria including Pasteurella commonly isolated from dog or cat bites. Cellulitis developing from salt water exposure is commonly caused by Vibrio species. Cellulitis from fresh water immersion or medicinal use of leeches is typically from Aeromonas species.
3. Tropical dermatology: Venomous Arthropods and Human Skin
Which of the following is true?
e) Tungiasis results from a Tunga flea penetrating the host’s skin
Insects can cause a variety of dermatologic conditions often arising from their defense mechanisms or their attempts to invade the human body.
-Venomous caterpillars use their bristles and spicules to sting
-Bullet ants have a very painful sting caused by a neurotoxin
-
Dermatitis caused by beetles results from their toxins absorbed into the skin through direct contact
-
Myiasis results from fly larvae feeding on necrotic or living tissue
-
Tungiasis results from a Tunga flea penetrating the host’s skin
Being able to identify these various insects and the type of reaction they cause are high yield for the boards.
William W. Huang, MD, MPH, FAAD, is assistant professor and associate program director of dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine in Winston-Salem, NC.
