Pediatric Dermatology Updates: Infectious Diseases

Nnenna Agim, MD, and Peggy Vernon, RN, MA, CPNP, DCNP, FAANP, FSDNP, kicked off the second day of the APP Institute Dermatology 2024 with an in-depth overview of common and rare infectious diseases that affect pediatric patients. The discussion covered bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, as well as their management in pediatric patients.

Dr Agim, a general and pediatric dermatologist at North Dallas Dermatology Associates, emphasized the importance of correctly identifying the type of infection, as treatment can differ significantly depending on the causative organism. For instance, she described various forms of folliculitis—a common skin condition—detailing how it can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or non-infectious factors like skin occlusion. She pointed out that using antibiotics on a fungal infection, for instance, would be ineffective, stressing the need for proper diagnosis before treatment.

The session also delved into more serious bacterial infections, such as staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, which can cause widespread skin peeling and requires immediate medical attention due to the toxins released by the bacteria. Streptococcal infections were also discussed, including their potential to cause severe complications like systemic symptoms and psoriasis.

Dr Agim then transitioned to discussing viral infections, highlighting conditions like neonatal herpes, which can lead to serious complications such as encephalitis and keratitis if not treated promptly. She also covered common viral infections like warts (caused by the human papillomavirus) and molluscum contagiosum, as well as their various treatment options.

Fungal infections are another critical area. Dr Agim explained how these infections can affect the skin, hair, and nails, with conditions ranging from the common tinea capitis (a fungal infection of the scalp) to more severe and potentially fatal invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised children.

Dr Agim also touched on infestations, such as those caused by pinworms, scabies, and lice, which, while not infections in the traditional sense, can cause significant discomfort and require prompt treatment.

She emphasized the role of social determinants of health, such as living conditions and access to health care, in the prevalence and severity of pediatric infectious diseases. For instance, children in crowded or unhygienic environments may be more susceptible to infections like epidemic typhus or scabies.

Dr Agim concluded by discussing the importance of precise diagnosis and treatment in pediatric infectious diseases. She advocated for the use of swabs for polymerase chain reaction or culture tests to accurately identify the causative organisms and ensure that the correct antibiotics or other treatments are used. This approach not only improves treatment outcomes but also helps in preventing the overuse of antibiotics, which can lead to resistance.

She also highlighted the role of public health programs and vaccination in preventing the spread of infectious diseases in children. Reporting rare or unusual infections to local health authorities is crucial for tracking potential outbreaks and ensuring that both individual patients and the broader population remain healthy.

In summary, this session underscored the complexity of managing infectious conditions in children and the importance of a thorough, informed approach to care.

For more meeting coverage, visit the APP Institute Dermatology 2024 newsroom.

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Reference
Agim N, Vernon P. Welcome and pediatric dermatology updates. Presented at: APP Institute Dermatology; Aug 16–17, 2024; Virtual.