axillary vein spasm

Clinical Images

Axillary Vein Spasm During Permanent Pacemaker Implantation

11/01/2022

A woman in her 60s presented with symptomatic complete heart block and was advised permanent pacemaker implantation. During the procedure, left axillary vein access was attempted using fluoroscopic landmarks but was not successful. A venogram...

A woman in her 60s presented...

11/01/2022

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